That is a great question. To be in our best shape, just counting daily calories is not enough, we also need to understand from where all our calories are coming from. 100 calories coming from a cup of plain fat free Greek yogurt and 100 calories coming from a pack of M&M will have a significantly different effect on our body. This is the reason why we must break down our daily calorie intake into macronutrients.
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Macronutrients as the name suggests are the nutrients that our body needs to consume in large amounts to survive. There are three of these: Carbohydrate, Protein and Fats and all of them are important as they play their specific role in keeping our body function smoothly. All the three of the macronutrients can be a source of the energy, however it is the carbohydrates, which act as the primary source of energy for our body. Proteins are the building blocks of our body. They help in building muscle mass and repair any damage to our body. Fats play a critical part in the absorption of nutrients by our body.
The amount of macronutrient we should ingest depends on our goal.
To gain muscle 40-60% of our calories should come from carbohydrates, 25-35% from Protein and 15-25% from Fat
To maintain weight 30-50% of our calories should come from carbohydrates, 25-35% from Protein and 25-35% from Fat
To lose fat 10-30% of our calories should come from carbohydrates, 40-50% from Protein and 30-40% from Fat
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This information however only tells us how many calories of each macronutrient we must ingest; most of the food labels have the nutrients mentioned in grams. To do the conversion from calories to grams of macronutrients keep in mind that each gram of carb and protein provides 4 calories, while each gram of fat provides 9 calories. Use the calorie numbers and divide them by the conversion numbers to get the macronutrient requirement in grams.
As an example let’s say our calorie requirement of 3000 calories a day and we want to gain our muscle. We decide to use a breakdown 50-30–20 that is 50% carbohydrates and 30% protein and 20% fat. Then we need 1500 calories from carbs and 900 each from proteins and 600 calories from fat. Since 1 gram of carbs produce 4 calories, in all we need 1500/4 or 375 grams of carbs, 900/4 or 225 grams of protein and 600/9 or 67 grams of fat.
An important thing to keep in mind here is that although we are allowed to eat 375 grams of carbs and 67 grams of fat, this does not mean that we can eat any carb or any fat. We should always choose to eat complex carbs and healthy fats. Please refer to USDA recommendations for choosing the right food for each of the macronutrients.
I hope this was helpful. To learn more on fitness visit our blog or subscribe to our youtube channel
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